Article
Refine
Year of publication
- 2016 (33) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (33) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (33)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (33)
Keywords
- - (31)
- Pancreatic cancer (3)
- fMRI (2)
- <span style="font-variant:small-caps; text-transform:lowercase">L</span>-Carnitine (1)
- Abdominal fat (1)
- Abiraterone (1)
- Akt (1)
- Alexithymia (1)
- Angiogenesis (1)
- Animal models (1)
- Antibacterial efficacy (1)
- BK-virus (1)
- Bacterial infection (1)
- Binaural beats (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Caries decline (1)
- Cell surface molecules (1)
- Cerebral angiogram (1)
- Cerebral cavernous malformations (1)
- Cerebrovascular disease (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Childhood trauma (1)
- Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (1)
- Community dentistry (1)
- Complement (1)
- Cytoprotection (1)
- Disease management (1)
- Dissociation (1)
- Dual-task (1)
- ERK1/2 (1)
- Efficacy (1)
- Electroencephalography (1)
- Enteral nutrition (1)
- Epilepsy (1)
- Extracellular matrix (1)
- FOLFIRINOX (1)
- Glucocorticoid receptor (1)
- Haemorrhagic cystitis (1)
- Heat shock protein 27 (1)
- Innate immunity (1)
- Internet (1)
- Intracerebral haemorrhage (1)
- Leptin (1)
- Mediation analysis (1)
- Methicillin-resistant (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Nab-paclitaxel (1)
- Neonatal outcome (1)
- Neonates (1)
- Nephropathy (1)
- Neutrophil extracellular traps (1)
- Omega-3 fatty acids (1)
- PI3K (1)
- PRP (1)
- PTSD (1)
- Palliative chemotherapy (1)
- Pancreatitis (1)
- Parenteral nutrition (1)
- Perinatal infection (1)
- Polymorphism (1)
- Precision medicine (1)
- Preterm infants (1)
- Prevalence (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Prostate cancer (1)
- Recurrent depression (1)
- Socio-economic status (1)
- Stem cell transplantation (1)
- Stereotactic surgery (1)
- THP-1 cells (1)
- Thyroid function (1)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (1)
- Tolerability (1)
- Urological complications (1)
- Virulence (1)
- Visceral adipose tissue (1)
- Visceral body fat (1)
- Vitronectin (1)
- adhesin A (1)
- affective neuroscience (1)
- amygdala (1)
- arousal (1)
- cell signaling (1)
- climate extremes (1)
- dendritic spine function (1)
- dendrometer measurements (1)
- diffusion weighted imaging (1)
- emotion (1)
- emotion perception (1)
- event coincidence analysis (1)
- face perception (1)
- gamma (1)
- growth response (1)
- individual differences (1)
- life-span development (1)
- motivation (1)
- motor outcome (1)
- multilayers (1)
- neural circuits and behavior (1)
- neuroimmune interactions (1)
- p38 (1)
- phagocytosis (1)
- phonon localization (1)
- phonon propagation (1)
- prediction (1)
- psychiatric disorders (1)
- pulsed laser deposition (1)
- pump-probe spectroscopy (1)
- recovery (1)
- reinforcement learning (1)
- resting state fMRI (1)
- sexual dimorphism (1)
- social relationships in school (1)
- stroke (1)
- synaptic function (1)
- synaptic remodeling (1)
- synaptic transmission (1)
- visual processing (1)
Institute
- Institut für Deutsche Philologie (4)
- Institut für Psychologie (3)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie (3)
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung (MNF) (2)
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie (2)
- Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (2)
- Rechtswissenschaften (2)
- Abteilung für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie (1)
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie (1)
- Institut für Botanik und Landschaftsökologie & Botanischer Garten (1)
Publisher
- S. Karger AG (15)
- Frontiers Media S.A. (8)
- De Gruyter (7)
- IOP Publishing (1)
Previous studies on the antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma showed varying effects against mecA<sup>+</sup> or mecA<sup>-</sup>Staphylococcus aureus strains. This observation may have important clinical and epidemiological implications. Here, the antibacterial activity of argon plasma was investigated against 78 genetically different S. aureus strains, stratified by mecA, luk-P, agr1-4, or the cell wall capsule polysaccharide types 5 and 8. kINPen09® served as the plasma source for all experiments. On agar plates, mecA<sup>+</sup>luk-P<sup>-</sup>S. aureus strains showed a decreased susceptibility against plasma compared to other S. aureus strains. This study underlines the high complexity of microbial defence against antimicrobial treatment and confirms a previously reported strain-dependent susceptibility of S. aureus to plasma treatment.
Background: Abdominal obesity is a major driver for adverse medical conditions. While an interaction between adipose tissue and thyroid function is thought to exist, to our knowledge, no study has examined the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in a population-based context. Objective: We determined an association between serum TSH levels and VAT. Methods: A sample of 1,021 female and 956 male adults aged 20-79 years was drawn from registry offices in the cross-sectional, population-based Study of Health in Pomerania Trend (SHIP Trend) in Northeast Germany from 2008 to 2012. Our main exposure was serum TSH levels. Our main outcome was VAT measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The possibly mediating role of leptin on the TSH-VAT association was also assessed. Results: A total of 1,719 participants (87.9%) had serum TSH levels within the reference range. The mean volume of VAT was 5.33 liters for men and 2.83 liters for women. No association between TSH and VAT (β = 0.06, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.14) was observed, and there were no differences detected between sexes. VAT was strongly associated with leptin with a greater effect in women than in men. Leptin was strongly associated with TSH. Conclusions: No association between TSH and VAT was observed. Other biomarkers such as leptin may play a role in the relationship between thyroid function and metabolic risk.
Ausbildung des Charakters
(2016)
The antigen in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is expressed on platelet factor 4 (PF4) when PF4 complexes with polyanions. In recent years, biophysical tools (e.g. circular dichroism spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, x-ray crystallography, electron microscopy) have gained an important role to complement immunological and functional assays for better understanding the interaction of heparin with PF4. This allowed identification of those features that make PF4 immunogenic (e.g. a certain conformational change induced by the polyanion, a threshold energy of the complexes, the existence of multimeric complexes, a certain number of bonds formed by PF4 with the polyanion) and to characterize the morphology and thermal stability of complexes formed by the protein with polyanions. These findings and methods can now be applied to test new drugs for their potential to induce the HIT-like adverse drug effect by preclinical in vitro testing. The methods and techniques applied to characterize the antigen in HIT may also be helpful to better understand the mechanisms underlying other antibody-mediated disorders in thrombosis and hemostasis (e.g. acquired hemophilia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura). Furthermore, understanding the mechanisms making the endogenous protein PF4 immunogenic may help to understand the mechanisms underlying other autoimmune disorders.
This paper reviews the first part of the outcomes of the ORCA Saturday Afternoon Symposium 2014 dealing with ‘caries epidemiology and community dentistry: chances for future improvements in caries risk groups'. After the caries decline in many countries, there are remaining pockets of higher caries levels, mostly in the primary dentition and/or linked to a low socio-economic status (SES). The review into the evidence of caries-preventive measures clearly points to the use of fluorides, especially toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste and collective measures such as water fluoridation. In contrast to several unsuccessful high-risk approaches, community and public health programmes seem to be able to ensure a population-wide access and compliance in risk groups. Their simple and evidence-based measures mostly combine regular plaque removal and fluoride applications via toothbrushing, at least for children and adolescents. For the future, the common risk factor approach which addresses associations between oral health, social deprivation, diet, hygiene, smoking, alcohol use and stress should lead to combined efforts with other community health and education specialists. Further engagement with public policy, community leaders and administration is needed in order to strengthen healthy choices and behaviour, e.g. in ‘healthy' schools and kindergartens. It seems advisable that these population programmes also aim at improving upstream factors.
Abstract
Nanoscale multilayer thin films of W and PC (Polycarbonate) show, due to the great difference of the components’ characteristics, fascinating properties for a variety of possible applications and provide an interesting research field, but are hard to fabricate with low layer thicknesses. Because of the great acoustic mismatch between the two materials, such nanoscale structures are promising candidates for new phononic materials, where phonon propagation is strongly reduced. In this article we show for the first time that W/PC-multilayers can indeed be grown with high quality by pulsed laser deposition. We analyzed the polymer properties depending on the laser fluence used for deposition, which enabled us to find best experimental conditions for the fabrication of high-acoustic-mismatch W/PC multilayers. The multilayers were analyzed by fs pump-probe spectroscopy showing that phonon dynamics on the ps time-scale can strongly be tailored by structural design. While already periodic multilayers exhibit strong phonon localization, especially aperiodic structures present outstandingly low phonon propagation properties making such 1D-layered W/PC nano-structures interesting for new phononic applications.
Connectivity-Based Predictions of Hand Motor Outcome for Patients at the Subacute Stage After Stroke
(2016)
Background: Connectivity-based predictions of hand motor outcome have been proposed to be useful in stroke patients. We intended to assess the prognostic value of different imaging methods on short-term (3 months) and long-term (6 months) motor outcome after stroke.
Methods: We measured resting state functional connectivity (rsFC), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and grip strength in 19 stroke patients within the first days (5–9 days) after stroke. Outcome measurements for short-term (3 months) and long-term (6 months) motor function was assessed by the Motricity Index (MI) of the upper limb and the box and block test (BB). Patients were predominantly mildly affected since signed consent was necessary at inclusion. We performed a multiple stepwise regression analysis to compare the predictive value of rsFC, DWI and clinical measurements.
Results: Patients showed relevant improvement in both motor outcome tests. As expected grip strength at inclusion was a predictor for short- and long-term motor outcome as assessed by MI. Diffusion-based tract volume (DTV) of the tracts between ipsilesional primary motor cortex and contralesional anterior cerebellar hemisphere showed a strong trend (p = 0.05) for a predictive power for long-term motor outcome as measured by MI. DTV of the interhemispheric tracts between both primary motor cortices was predictive for both short- and long-term motor outcome in BB. rsFC was not associated with motor outcome.
Conclusions: Grip strength is a good predictor of hand motor outcome concerning strength-related measurements (MI) for mildly affected subacute patients. Therefore additional connectivity measurements seem to be redundant in this group. Using more complex movement recruiting bilateral motor areas as an outcome parameter, DTV and in particular interhemispheric pathways might enhance predictive value of hand motor outcome.
Introduction: Inhibition of androgen synthesis by abiraterone acetate (AA) entails enhanced overall survival rates and clinical benefit for patients with locally advanced and metastasized prostate cancer (PC). The expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is generally associated with cytoprotection and was demonstrated to mediate chemoresistance under cytostatic therapy, for instance, docetaxel treatment. In this study, we investigated the impact of AA treatment on HSP27 expression and PC cell growth. Materials and Methods: HSP27 expression levels in docetaxel and AA-treated PC cell lines LNCaP and PC-3 were determined by SDS PAGE and Western blot analysis. Proliferation assays were performed using a CASY Cell Counter and Analyzer Model TT (Roche Applied Science). Results: Despite significantly increased HSP27 expression in PC cells incubated with docetaxel, Western blot analysis implicated a significant reduction of the cytoprotective HSP27 in AA-treated PC cells. Notably, HSP27 stably overexpressed in PC-3-HSP27 cells did not appear as an HSP27-mediated proliferation benefit in the presence of AA as shown in docetaxel incubation studies. Conclusion: In contrast to repeatedly demonstrated HSP27-driven chemoresistance related to chemotherapeutics, our results may constitute a broader molecular mode of action of AA chemotherapy. AA efficacy may exert an HSP27 suppressive role that goes beyond the primarily assumed inhibition of androgen biosynthesis.
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the 4th leading cause of cancer death worldwide and compared to other malignancies its share in cancer mortality is expected to rise further. This is due to a lack of sensitive diagnostic tools that would permit earlier detection in a potentially curable stage and the very slow progress in finding effective drug treatments for pancreatic cancer. Key Messages: Aside from genetic predispositions and environmental agents, chronic pancreatitis is by far the greatest risk factor for PDAC. It also shares several etiological factors with pancreatic cancer and represents its most challenging differential diagnosis. Biomarkers that can distinguish between chronic pancreatitis and PDAC may therefore be suitable for the latter's early detection. Moreover, targeting the natural history of chronic pancreatitis would be one approach to prevent PDAC. Targeting tumor-cell signaling directly by interfering with receptor tyrosine kinases has shown some efficacy, although the results in clinical trials were less encouraging than for other cancers. Other compounds developed have targeted the formation of extracellular matrix around the tumor, the proteolytic activity in the tumor environment, histone deacetylases, hedgehog signaling and heat shock proteins, but none has yet found its way into routine patient care. Attempts to individualize treatment according to the tumor's somatic mutation profile are novel but so far impractical. Conclusions: Progress in the treatment of pancreatic cancer has been exceedingly slow and mostly dependent on improved pharmaceutical preparations or combinations of established chemotherapeutic agents. The promise of major breakthroughs implied in targeting tumor signal transduction events has so far not materialized.