Refine
Document Type
- Article (223)
Language
- English (223) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (223)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (223)
Keywords
- - (64)
- biocatalysis (12)
- climate change (8)
- periodontitis (8)
- phenotypic plasticity (6)
- Biocatalysis (5)
- local adaptation (4)
- Sepsis (3)
- cohort study (3)
- epidemiology (3)
- flupirtine (3)
- genetic adaptation (3)
- paludiculture (3)
- platelet factor 4 (3)
- protein engineering (3)
- retigabine (3)
- Alzheimer’s disease (2)
- Baltic Sea (2)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Chiral amines (2)
- Chiroptera (2)
- DNA barcoding (2)
- G-quadruplexes (2)
- KCNQ (2)
- Percidae (2)
- acyltransferases (2)
- adolescents (2)
- aptamer (2)
- atomic force microscopy (2)
- biogeography (2)
- biomarker (2)
- blood coagulation (2)
- boronate linkage (2)
- calorimetry (2)
- caries (2)
- cell mechanics (2)
- children (2)
- cyanobacteria (2)
- dementia (2)
- deployment (2)
- development (2)
- early-stage functionalisation (2)
- electrochemistry (2)
- enzyme catalysis (2)
- enzyme kits (2)
- everolimus (2)
- fatty acids (2)
- flavonoid (2)
- heritability (2)
- inactive nurses (2)
- inflammation (2)
- integrative taxonomy (2)
- ionosphere (2)
- late-stage functionalisation (2)
- lead diversification (2)
- medicinal leeches (2)
- nervous system (2)
- nursing shortage (2)
- ontogeny (2)
- pandemic (2)
- peatland (2)
- perceived stress (2)
- periodontal treatment (2)
- platelets (2)
- proteomics (2)
- quality of life (2)
- return (2)
- rewetting (2)
- simulation (2)
- solar EUV (2)
- split structure (2)
- tooth loss (2)
- transaminases (2)
- zooplankton (2)
- (high-throughput) aldehyde detection (1)
- -amino acid oxidase (LAAO) (1)
- 1,1-Dehydration (1)
- 18S rRNA (1)
- 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D 2 (1)
- 5‐lipoxygenase (1)
- ACE inhibitors (1)
- ADA (1)
- ADPKD (1)
- ARB (1)
- Acute decompensated heart failure (1)
- Alumino-silicate glass (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- Anthropized environments (1)
- Anyphaenidae (1)
- Approximate Bayesian Computation (1)
- Arachnida (1)
- Araneae (1)
- Araneoidea (1)
- Aromatic Diamine (1)
- Automated monitoring (1)
- Azides (1)
- Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis (1)
- Bacteroidetes (1)
- Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (1)
- Bayesian animal model (1)
- Bayesian sparse linear mixed model (1)
- Bidirectional electron transfer (1)
- Bodian staining (1)
- Brachionus (1)
- BrdU (1)
- C-F activation (1)
- CAZymes formaldehyde detoxification (1)
- CKD (1)
- CLP (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- Carbenes (1)
- Carbonate microfacies (1)
- Cardiorespiratory fitness (1)
- Cascade reaction (1)
- Catalytic Activity (1)
- Characteristic Attribute Organization System (1)
- Chemostatic processes (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Congestion (1)
- Continuous electrosynthesis (1)
- Critical illness myopathy (1)
- Cyprus (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA degradation (1)
- DNA extraction bias (1)
- DNA preservation (1)
- DNA quality index (1)
- DNA taxonomy (1)
- DNAzyme (1)
- Dear Doctor letter (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Dehydrogenation (1)
- EPR spectroscopy (1)
- ESKAPE pathogens (1)
- ESKAPE strain (1)
- Early mobilization (1)
- EdU (1)
- Elav (1)
- Electrochemical Synthesis (1)
- Electrochemically active bacteria (1)
- Electrofuel (1)
- Elimination (1)
- Environmental Economics (1)
- Environmental and Conservation Psychology (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Enzyme Cascade (1)
- Enzyme Catalysis (1)
- Enzyme discovery (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Erucic acid (1)
- Europe (1)
- European beech (1)
- FAIR data (1)
- Fagus sylvatica (1)
- Fatty acid enrichment (1)
- FcγRIIa (1)
- Fick method (1)
- Flow catalysis (1)
- Fluidigm array (1)
- Forest ecology (1)
- Function prediction (1)
- Furfural (1)
- F‐actin (1)
- GABA (1)
- GBIF (1)
- Galectin (1)
- Gibbs energy (1)
- Glycolysis (1)
- Gondoic acid (1)
- Green chemistry (1)
- HEK cells (1)
- HEK293 (1)
- HIT (1)
- Highly porous structure (1)
- Hirudin (1)
- Hirudin‐like factors (1)
- Holarctic distribution (1)
- Hydrated Carbenes (1)
- Hydroxytyrosol (1)
- Hysteresis (1)
- ICUAW (1)
- ICU‐acquired weakness (1)
- Immunmodulation (1)
- Immunoglobulin G (1)
- Inferior vena cava (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Inflammation-induced muscle atrophy (1)
- Interleukin-6 (1)
- Ion insertion (1)
- K (1)
- KHV (1)
- KHVD (1)
- KV7 (1)
- Kaolinite melting (1)
- Knoevenagel ligation (1)
- Kolbe reaction (1)
- Kv 7.2/3 channel activators (1)
- Ligand-Ligand Cooperativity (1)
- MHC class I (1)
- MRI-proton-density-fat-fraction (PDFF) (1)
- Machine Learning (1)
- Mendelian Randomization Analysis (1)
- Mendelian randomization (1)
- Metadata standard (1)
- Michaelis–Menten function (1)
- Microbial electrochemistry (1)
- Molecular Dynamics (1)
- Muscle atrophy (1)
- Muscular dystrophy (1)
- Myogenic differentiation (1)
- N-heterocyclic olefins (1)
- NAO (1)
- NF‐κB (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NT‐proBNP (1)
- Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Non-Innocence Ligands (1)
- Noncovalent Interactions (1)
- OCT1 Effects (1)
- Oligonucleotides (1)
- Olive mill wastewaters valorization (1)
- Ontology (1)
- P,O heterocycles (1)
- P,O ligands (1)
- PCA (1)
- PF4 (1)
- PHMB adsorption (1)
- POSL (1)
- PPP syndrome (1)
- Palaearctic grassland (1)
- Pantopoda (1)
- Periodontitis (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Pinus uncinata (1)
- Plasma spraying (1)
- Plastic (1)
- Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (1)
- Polyether Polyol (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Promiscuous acyltransferase (1)
- Prospero (1)
- Protocol‐based physiotherapy (1)
- RFamide (1)
- RNA (1)
- ROP (1)
- RRID: AB_2338006 (1)
- RRID: AB_2338362 (1)
- RRID: AB_2338459 (1)
- RRID: AB_2338914 (1)
- RRID: AB_2341179 (1)
- RRID: AB_261811 (1)
- RRID: AB_477585 (1)
- RRID: SCR_007370 (1)
- RRID: SCR_010279 (1)
- RRID: SCR_014199 (1)
- Raman Spectroscopy (1)
- Reactive thin films (1)
- Redox Chemistry (1)
- Ribozyme (1)
- RuMP pathway (1)
- Rügen (1)
- SAM analogue (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SAR‐OSL dating (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SIFamide (1)
- SNP (1)
- SNiP (1)
- SPSB1 (1)
- SPecies IDentity and Evolution in R (1)
- SaOs‐2 cell differentiation (1)
- Schlei (1)
- Semantics (1)
- Short-Form 12 (1)
- Snail (1)
- SoxB (1)
- Sphagnum farming (1)
- Sphagnum magellanicum (1)
- Stereoselectivity (1)
- Study of Health in Pomerania (1)
- Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (1)
- Sustainable Governance Indicators (SGI) (1)
- Synspermiata (1)
- Synthetic methods (1)
- T-cells (1)
- TAC (1)
- TGFβ receptor II (1)
- TetR‐family repressor (1)
- Thiamine Pharmacokinetics (1)
- Tooth loss (1)
- Transaminase (1)
- Transaminases (1)
- T‐type calcium channels (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Urethanase (1)
- V-loop (1)
- VEGF inhibitors (1)
- VITT (1)
- Valeric acid (1)
- Vitamin D (1)
- Voluntary wheel running (1)
- Whole‐body vibration (1)
- X‐ray crystallography (1)
- Zingst (1)
- aPF4/H antibodies (1)
- abomasum (1)
- acetaminophen (1)
- achaete–scute homolog (1)
- achievement (1)
- acylation (1)
- adolescence (1)
- adoptive transfer (1)
- advanced gastroesophageal cancer (1)
- aging (1)
- alcohol dependence severity (1)
- alien invasive species (1)
- aliphatic ketones (1)
- alkenes (1)
- alkyl iodide (1)
- alkylation (1)
- allatostatin (1)
- alpha-dioxygenase (1)
- alpine (1)
- amine transaminase (1)
- amino alcohols (1)
- amylase (1)
- angiotensin II type 1a receptor (1)
- anti-VEGF (1)
- anti-drug antibodies (1)
- antigen presentation (1)
- antimicrobial resistance (1)
- antimicrobial surface (1)
- antiseizure medication (1)
- anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies (1)
- anxiety disorders (1)
- apnea–hypopnea index (1)
- apparently healthy (1)
- aquaculture (1)
- aroma compounds (1)
- arousal (1)
- arterial smooth muscle (1)
- asymmetric catalysis (1)
- asymmetric synthesis (1)
- attitudes and beliefs (1)
- autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (1)
- autumn (1)
- azo dyes (1)
- bacterial membrane vesicles (1)
- bat conservation (1)
- beach ridge (1)
- beach ridge stratigraphy (1)
- behavioural plasticity (1)
- biased ligands (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- biofilm (1)
- biological invasion (1)
- biomass productivity (1)
- biomass valorization (1)
- biotic interactions (1)
- blood cell metabolism (1)
- blood outgrowth endothelial cells (1)
- bodden (1)
- body mass index (1)
- bone quality (1)
- bone remodelling (1)
- bone turnover marker (1)
- brain tumor (1)
- broadleaves (1)
- brolucizumab (1)
- bud dormancy (1)
- calcium sparks (1)
- calves (1)
- camera trap (1)
- carbene (1)
- carbene ligands (1)
- carbocations (1)
- carbodicarbene (1)
- carbohydrates (1)
- carbon balance (1)
- carbon dioxide–based separation (1)
- carboxyesterase (1)
- cardiac output (1)
- cardiac remodelling (1)
- cardiomyocyte (1)
- cardiorespiratory fitness (1)
- care (1)
- caregiver (1)
- catalyses (1)
- catalytic activity (1)
- caveolae (1)
- cell cycle arrest (1)
- cell elasticity (1)
- cell proliferation (1)
- cell‐surface contacts (1)
- cerebral cavernous malformation (1)
- checkerboard (1)
- chemoenzymatic cascade (1)
- chemokine receptors (1)
- child health (1)
- chill (1)
- chiral metabolism (1)
- chiroptera (1)
- chronic (health) condition (1)
- cleavage (1)
- climate extreme (1)
- climate protection (1)
- climate sensitivity (1)
- climate warming (1)
- climate–growth relationships (1)
- climatic adaptation (1)
- cline (1)
- clinical attachment level (1)
- clinical innovation (1)
- clonal (1)
- clonal reproduction (1)
- co-substrate recycling (1)
- cognitive intervention (1)
- cognitive training (1)
- cold edge (1)
- cold events (1)
- cold tolerance (1)
- color space differences (1)
- combination with antibiotic (1)
- common garden experiment (1)
- communication skills (1)
- compensation account (1)
- complete blood count (1)
- computational modeling (1)
- conformational changes (1)
- consensus and efficiency (1)
- conservation management (1)
- contact killing surface (1)
- continental slope (1)
- contourites (1)
- corrosion (1)
- cortical thickness (1)
- cortisol (1)
- cost analysis (1)
- cost of illness (1)
- counter‐gradient variation (1)
- crisis (1)
- cross‐stress tolerance (1)
- crustaceans (1)
- cryofixation (1)
- cryptic species (1)
- cyclic voltammetry (1)
- decision making of governments (1)
- decision-making (1)
- deep learning (1)
- deep‐marine deposits (1)
- dehalogenase (1)
- demographic change (1)
- dendritic cells (1)
- dendrochronology (1)
- dendroecology (1)
- dendrometer (1)
- dendrophenotype (1)
- dental education (1)
- dental flossing (1)
- depression (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diagnostic (genetic) characters (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- diarrhoea (1)
- differentiation (1)
- diffusion tensor imaging (1)
- dihedral principal component analysis (1)
- dilated cardiomyopathy (1)
- disaster nursing (1)
- diseases (1)
- dissolution mechanism (1)
- disturbance (1)
- donor human milk (1)
- drought (1)
- drug design (1)
- drug screening (1)
- dry edge (1)
- dual RAS blockade (1)
- dyspnea (1)
- early experience (1)
- early life discrimination (1)
- eating behaviour (1)
- economic burden (1)
- ecosystem diversity (1)
- ecosystem functioning (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- eigenvector centrality mapping (1)
- electric fields (1)
- electric propulsion (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- electron transfer (1)
- emotion (1)
- enantiopure ( (1)
- endodormancy (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- enteral nutrition (1)
- environmental DNA (1)
- environmental DNA (eDNA) (1)
- environmental change (1)
- environmental factors (1)
- environmental gradient (1)
- environmental stress (1)
- enzyme immunoassay (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- esterases (1)
- estimated bone mineral density (1)
- ethics (1)
- ethics expertise (1)
- evolutionary potential (1)
- executive functions (1)
- exercise (1)
- expectations (1)
- experimental microcosms (1)
- expert identification (1)
- exposure therapy (1)
- extinction risk (1)
- extra-organismal DNA (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extracellular vesicles (1)
- fall (1)
- family (1)
- family structure (1)
- farming (1)
- fat-free mass (1)
- fatty acid composition (1)
- fatty aldehydes (1)
- feminist epistemology (1)
- fertility decisions (1)
- fish (live) (1)
- flavonoids (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorine (1)
- food quality (1)
- food quantity (1)
- forecasts (1)
- forest ecology (1)
- former nurses (1)
- formylglycine-generating enzyme (1)
- fungi (1)
- gene expression (1)
- general population sample (1)
- general population-based cohort (1)
- genetic (1)
- genetic diversity (1)
- genitalia (1)
- genome size (1)
- genotype–environment interaction (1)
- genotype–phenotype associations (1)
- genotyping (1)
- genotyping‐by‐sequencing (1)
- geometric morphometrics (1)
- ghost cells (1)
- global warming (1)
- glycosidic torsion angles (1)
- gold dissolution (1)
- government activity (1)
- gradient experiment (1)
- graph analysis (1)
- graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- grassland ecosystem (1)
- greenhouse gas emissions (1)
- grit (1)
- ground spiders (1)
- growing media (1)
- growing season (1)
- growth dynamics (1)
- gustation (1)
- hairpin ribozyme (1)
- halide methyltransferase (1)
- halides (1)
- haloalkane (1)
- haloperoxidase (1)
- harsh sounds (1)
- head motion (1)
- health care (1)
- healthy aging (1)
- healthy older adults (1)
- heart failure (1)
- heat tolerance (1)
- heparin (1)
- heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- hippocampal volume (1)
- hirudin (1)
- hirudin‐like factors (1)
- histamine (1)
- host genetic diversity (1)
- host‐plant preference (1)
- hotodecarboxylase (1)
- human disturbance (1)
- human umbilical vein endothelial cells (1)
- hydraulic conductivity (1)
- hydroxytyrosol (1)
- hydroxytyrosol acetate (1)
- imaging artifact (1)
- immobilization (1)
- immune response (1)
- implementation (1)
- implicit biases (1)
- inbreeding (1)
- indirect effect (1)
- industrial catalysis (1)
- infrared light barrier (1)
- insect‐plant interaction (1)
- insula (1)
- intensified treatment (1)
- inter-dental cleaning (1)
- interaction (1)
- interactive effect (1)
- interdental brushing (1)
- interregional migration (1)
- intestinal parasite diversity (1)
- intraocular inflammation (1)
- intraspecific trait variation (1)
- intravitreal (1)
- introgression (1)
- invasive route (1)
- invasive species (1)
- invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) (1)
- in situ-ICP-MS (1)
- ion channels (1)
- ionosphere modeling (1)
- isoflavonoid (1)
- job satisfaction (1)
- kINPen MED (1)
- ketamine (1)
- ketoreductase (1)
- kidney biopsy (1)
- kinetic resolution (1)
- lake‐level variations (1)
- larval fish (1)
- larval fishes (1)
- laser coagulation (1)
- leaf phenology (1)
- leaf senescence (1)
- length (1)
- leukocidins (1)
- lifestyle (1)
- ligation (1)
- light intensity (1)
- light variability (1)
- lignin (1)
- limbs (1)
- linear mixed model (1)
- lipase (1)
- lipid mediator (1)
- lipoprotein profile (1)
- liquid-liquid extraction (1)
- liver fat content (1)
- logarithmic function (1)
- low‐temperature plasma (1)
- luminescence profiling (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macroecology (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- mammals (1)
- management (1)
- manganese oxide (1)
- mate choice (1)
- maternal breast milk (1)
- mating success (1)
- mechanoreception (1)
- membrane protein (1)
- memory (1)
- metabolism (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metastatic colorectal cancer (1)
- methodology (1)
- methylation (1)
- methyltransferases (1)
- miRNA (1)
- miR‐21 (1)
- micro-CT (1)
- microRNA sequencing (1)
- microbial communities (1)
- microbiome heterogeneity (1)
- microbiota (1)
- microdialysis (1)
- milk bank (1)
- minimal area (1)
- minirhizotrons (1)
- money allocation (1)
- monocytes (1)
- morphological crypsis (1)
- morphometry (1)
- mortality (1)
- mortality costs (1)
- motivation (1)
- mouse model (1)
- mucosal diseases (1)
- multiple resource limitation (1)
- musculature (1)
- music (1)
- mutation correction (1)
- mycoses (1)
- myeloid differentiation factor 2 (1)
- myogenic vasoconstriction (1)
- myrmecomorphy (1)
- nanoindentation (1)
- narrative (1)
- natural products (1)
- nearshore bar formation (1)
- nested‐plot sampling (1)
- neural stem cell (1)
- neuroanatomy (1)
- neuroblast (1)
- neurocognitive disorders (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- niche evolution (1)
- niche following (1)
- nicotinamide (1)
- nitrogen deficiency (1)
- non-identical reversible reaction (1)
- non-invasive brain stimulation (1)
- noninvasive DNA (1)
- noninvasive sampling (1)
- nonlinear regression (1)
- no‐matched templates (1)
- nucleophilic substitution (1)
- number of missing teeth (1)
- nurse–patient interaction (1)
- nurse–patient relationship (1)
- nursing (1)
- nursing workforce (1)
- nutrient supply (1)
- obesity (1)
- object-location memory (1)
- observational study (1)
- obstructive sleep apnea (1)
- occlusal adjustment (1)
- occlusal equilibration (1)
- occlusive vasculitis (1)
- oil (1)
- older adults (1)
- olfaction (1)
- olfactory (1)
- olfactory system (1)
- olive mill wastewaters valorization (1)
- ong-chainaliphaticamines (1)
- online sample preparation (1)
- oral rehydration solution (1)
- orb web (1)
- orcokinin (1)
- organic synthesis (1)
- osmotolerance (1)
- oxidation (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxylipins (1)
- p-coumaric acid (1)
- paclitaxel (1)
- pancreatitis (1)
- panniculitis (1)
- parental gender preferences (1)
- parenteral nutrition (1)
- partisan preferences (1)
- partisan theory (1)
- paternity assignment (1)
- peak oxygen uptake (1)
- peat moss (1)
- peatland restoration (1)
- peatlands (1)
- pediatric intestinal failure (1)
- pediatric short bowel syndrome (1)
- pelagites (1)
- peracarida (1)
- periodontal diseases (1)
- periodontal splinting (1)
- pharmacoepidemiology (1)
- pharmacokinetic modeling (1)
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase (1)
- philosophy (1)
- phosphanes (1)
- photopharmacology (1)
- photoswitches (1)
- phylogeography (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- plant biodiversity (1)
- plant–environment interaction (1)
- plant–insect interaction (1)
- platelet activation (1)
- pneumococci (1)
- pneumolysin (1)
- podocyte (1)
- polyarthritis (1)
- population cycles (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- population genomics (1)
- population‐based birth cohort (1)
- population‐based study (1)
- power law (1)
- powered tooth brush (1)
- powered toothbrush (1)
- pre-symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease marker (1)
- prediction (1)
- preterm infant (1)
- primary macrophages (1)
- priming (1)
- probing depth (1)
- productivity (1)
- prognostic factors (1)
- prolonged release (1)
- prospective cohort study (1)
- proteasome endopeptidase complex (1)
- protein expression (1)
- protists (1)
- proton insertion (1)
- psoriasis (1)
- psychiatry (1)
- psychotherapy (1)
- public health (1)
- radical cation (1)
- radical reactions (1)
- radicular cyst (1)
- randomized controlled trial (1)
- range dynamics (1)
- range expansion (1)
- ranibizumab (1)
- rapid adaptation (1)
- rating scale (1)
- real‐time deformability cytometry (1)
- reciprocal transplantation experiment (1)
- recovery (1)
- redox chemistry (1)
- reductant (1)
- reduction (1)
- regeneration (1)
- regional polarization (1)
- regioselectivity (1)
- register (1)
- registry (1)
- registry-based analysis (1)
- regulatory networks (1)
- renal pathology (1)
- renewable resource (1)
- reproductive ecology (1)
- reproductive success (1)
- reserve (1)
- resilience (1)
- resistance (1)
- resource competition (1)
- rest break (1)
- resting state fMRI (1)
- resting-state functional connectivity (1)
- retinal vasculitis (1)
- retinopathy of prematurity (1)
- ribozyme (1)
- rice husk (1)
- riociguat (1)
- risk factors (1)
- rodents (1)
- root phenology (1)
- rotifers (1)
- ryanodine receptors (1)
- salinity (1)
- salinity acclimation (1)
- saliva (1)
- scaling law (1)
- school engagement (1)
- school environment (1)
- sea spider (1)
- seagrass microbiome (1)
- secondary occlusal trauma (1)
- second‐line (1)
- secretome (1)
- sedentarism (1)
- seed germination (1)
- seed rain (1)
- seizure (1)
- selective migration (1)
- selectivity (1)
- self-care (1)
- self-organization (1)
- self-report (1)
- self‐competence/self‐efficacy (1)
- self‐efficacy (1)
- sensory ecology (1)
- sensory processing sensitivity (1)
- serotonin (1)
- serum markers (1)
- serum starvation (1)
- sex- specificity (1)
- sex-specific (1)
- sexual selection (1)
- shade taking (1)
- shiver (1)
- silk (1)
- silver (1)
- similarity laws (1)
- sirtuins (1)
- situated ignorance (1)
- sleep disorders (1)
- sleep macro-architecture (1)
- slime molds (1)
- slow-wave sleep (1)
- soil temperature (1)
- solar variability (1)
- soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulator (1)
- species delimitation (1)
- species distribution modelling (1)
- species diversity (1)
- species persistence (1)
- species traits (1)
- species–area relationship (SAR) (1)
- sperm transfer (1)
- spermidine (1)
- spiders (1)
- spinnerets (1)
- spliceozyme (1)
- splicing (1)
- standard potential (1)
- standpoint theory (1)
- steered molecular dynamics (1)
- stem cells (1)
- stereoselectivity (1)
- stiffness (1)
- stoichiometry (1)
- stroke (1)
- structural equation modeling (1)
- structure-activity relationships (1)
- study design (1)
- sugar conformation (1)
- super-resolution microscopy (1)
- supercritical fluid chromatography (1)
- supercritical fluid extraction (1)
- superposed epoch analysis (1)
- surface modification (1)
- surface state (1)
- survey data (1)
- survival analysis (1)
- sustainable land use (1)
- sustainable policy performance (1)
- sylvatic anthrax (1)
- synthetic heparins (1)
- synthetic methods (1)
- talin (1)
- telomere length (1)
- temperate forest (1)
- temperate trees (1)
- thermal melanisation (1)
- thermodilution (1)
- thermodynamics (1)
- thermoregulation (1)
- thermosphere (1)
- thrombin inhibition (1)
- thrombocytopenia (1)
- thrombosis (1)
- tissue chemical composition (1)
- titanium alloys (1)
- toll-like receptor 4 (1)
- tomato (1)
- tooth color (1)
- tooth extraction (1)
- tooth survival (1)
- topology (1)
- toxins (1)
- transaminase (1)
- transcranial electrical stimulation (1)
- transesterification (1)
- transition (1)
- transition countries (1)
- translational research (1)
- transplantation (1)
- transposable elements (1)
- tree growth (1)
- treeline ecotone (1)
- tree‐ring network (1)
- turbidites (1)
- tyrosine ammonia lyase (1)
- ubiquitin (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- urban avoiders (1)
- urban dwellers (1)
- urbanity indices (1)
- urbanization (1)
- urban–rural gradient (1)
- urinary exosomes (1)
- utilization (1)
- vaccination (1)
- vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (1)
- vaccines (1)
- vapour pressure deficit (1)
- varieties of capitalism (1)
- vascular smooth muscle (1)
- vegetation relevés (1)
- viruses (1)
- visual neuropils (1)
- volumes (1)
- water deficit (1)
- water limitation (1)
- water table (1)
- weight loss (1)
- white matter hyperintensities (1)
- white rhinos (1)
- whole-cellbiocatalysis (1)
- wildlife infectious diseases (1)
- wild‐type (1)
- winter climate (1)
- winter ecology (1)
- working environment (1)
- α‐hemolysin (1)
- δ (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie (51)
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum (33)
- Institut für Botanik und Landschaftsökologie & Botanischer Garten (21)
- Kliniken und Polikliniken für Innere Medizin (15)
- Institut für Pharmazie (11)
- Zentrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde (8)
- Institut für Community Medicine (7)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie (6)
- Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft (5)
- Institut für Geographie und Geologie (5)
Publisher
- Wiley (223) (remove)
Purpose
The German Retina.net ROP registry and its Europe-wide successor, the EU-ROP registry, collect data from patients treated for ROP. This analysis compares input parameters of these two registries to establish a procedure for joint analyses of different registry data using exemplary datasets from the two registries.
Methods
Exemplary datasets from the two databases over a 1-year period each (German Retina.net ROP Registry, 2011, 22 infants; EU-ROP Registry, 2021, 44 infants) were compared. The parameters documented in the two databases were aligned and analysed regarding demographic parameters, treatment modalities, complications within first 24 h and retreatments.
Results
The current analysis showed that data can be aligned for joint analyses with some adjustments within the data structure. The registry with more detailed data collection (EU-ROP) needs to be reduced regarding granularity in order to align the different registries, as the registry with lower granularity determines the level of analyses that can be performed in a comparative approach. In the exemplary datasets, we observed that the overall most common ROP severity in both registries was zone II, 3+ (2011: 70.5%; 2021: 65%), with decreasing numbers of clock hours showing preretinal neovascularisations (2011: 10–12 clock hours in 29% of cases, 2021: 4–6 clock hours in 38%). The most prevalent treatment method was laser coagulation in 2011 (75%) and anti-VEGF therapy in 2021 (86.1%). Within the anti-VEGF group, all patients were treated with bevacizumab in 2011 and with ranibizumab in 2021. Retreatment rates were comparable in 2011 and 2021.
Conclusion
Data from two different ROP registries can be aligned and jointly analysed. The analysis reveals a paradigm shift in treatment modalities, from predominantly laser to anti-VEGF, and within the anti-VEGF group from bevacizumab to ranibizumab in Germany. In addition, there was a trend towards earlier treatment in 2021.
Hibernation is a widespread adaptation in animals to seasonally changing environmental conditions. In the face of global anthropogenic change, information about plastic adjustments to environmental conditions and associated mortality costs are urgently needed to assess population persistence of hibernating species. Here, we used a five-year data set of 1047 RFID-tagged individuals from two bat species, Myotis nattereri and Myotis daubentonii that were automatically recorded each time they entered or left a hibernaculum. Because the two species differ in foraging strategy and activity pattern during winter, we expected species–specific responses in the timing of hibernation relative to environmental conditions, as well as different mortality costs of early departure from the hibernaculum in spring. Applying mixed-effects modelling, we disentangled population-level and individual-level plasticity in the timing of departure. To estimate mortality costs of early departure, we used both a capture mark recapture analysis and a novel approach that takes into account individual exposure times to mortality outside the hibernaculum. We found that the timing of departure varied between species as well as among and within individuals, and was plastically adjusted to large-scale weather conditions as measured by the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) index. Individuals of M. nattereri, which can exploit milder temperatures for foraging during winter, tuned departure more closely to the NAO index than individuals of M. daubentonii, which do not hunt during winter. Both analytical approaches used to estimate mortality costs showed that early departing individuals were less likely to survive until the subsequent hibernation period than individuals that departed later. Overall, our study demonstrates that individuals of long-lived hibernating bat species have the potential to plastically adjust to changing climatic conditions, although the potential for adjustment differs between species.
Decreased inflammatory profile in oral leukoplakia tissue exposed to cold physical plasma ex vivo
(2023)
Background
Oral leukoplakia (OL) is an unfavorable oral disease often resistant to therapy. To this end, cold physical plasma technology was explored as a novel therapeutic agent in an experimental setup.
Methods
Biopsies with a diameter of 3 mm were obtained from non-diseased and OL tissues. Subsequently, cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) exposure was performed ex vivo in the laboratory. After 20 h of incubation, biopsies were cryo-conserved, and tissue sections were quantified for lymphocyte infiltrates, discriminating between naïve and memory cytotoxic and T-helper cells. In addition, the secretion pattern related to inflammation was investigated in the tissue culture supernatants by quantifying 10 chemokines and cytokines.
Results
In CAP-treated OL tissue, significantly decreased overall lymphocyte numbers were observed. In addition, reduced levels were observed when discriminating for the T-cell subpopulations but did not reach statistical significance. Moreover, CAP treatment significantly reduced levels of C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the OL biopsies' supernatants. In idiopathically inflamed tissues, ex vivo CAP exposure reduced T-cells and CXCL10 as well but also led to markedly increased interleukin-1β secretion.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest CAP to have immuno-modulatory properties, which could be of therapeutic significance in the therapy of OL. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of CAP therapy in vivo in a larger cohort.
Comparative neuroanatomy of the central nervous system in web-building and cursorial hunting spiders
(2023)
Spiders (Araneae) include cursorial species that stalk their prey and more stationary species that use webs for prey capture. While many cursorial hunting spiders rely on visual cues, web-building spiders use vibratory cues (mechanosensation) for prey capture. We predicted that the differences in primary sensory input between the species are mirrored by differences in the morphology/architecture of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we investigated the CNS anatomy of four spider species, two cursorial hunters Pardosa amentata (Lycosidae) and Marpissa muscosa (Salticidae), and two web-building hunters Argiope bruennichi (Araneidae) and Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Theridiidae). Their CNS was analyzed using Bodian silver impregnations, immunohistochemistry, and microCT analysis. We found that there are major differences between species in the secondary eye pathway of the brain that pertain to first-order, second-order, and higher order brain centers (mushroom bodies [MB]). While P. amentata and M. muscosa have prominent visual neuropils and MB, these are much reduced in the two web-building species. Argiope bruennichi lacks second-order visual neuropils but has specialized photoreceptors that project into two distinct visual neuropils, and P. tepidariorum lacks MB, suggesting that motion vision might be absent in this species. Interestingly, the differences in the ventral nerve cord are much less pronounced, but the web-building spiders have proportionally larger leg neuropils than the cursorial spiders. Our findings suggest that the importance of visual information is much reduced in web-building spiders, compared to cursorial spiders, while processing of mechanosensory information requires the same major circuits in both web-building and cursorial hunting spiders.
o-Hydroxyarylphosphanes are fascinating compounds by their multiple-reactivity features, attributed to the ambident hard and soft Lewis- and also Brønstedt acid-base properties, wide tuning opportunities via backbone substituents with ±mesomeric and inductive, at P and in o-position to P and O also steric effects, and in addition, the configurational stability at three-valent phosphorus. Air sensitivity may be overcome by reversible protection with BH3, but the easy oxidation to P(V)-compounds may also be used. Since the first reports on the title compounds ca. 50 years ago the multiple reactivity has led to versatile applications. This includes various P−E−O and P=C−O heterocycles, a multitude of O-substituted derivatives including acyl derivatives for traceless Staudinger couplings of biomolecules with labels or functional substituents, phosphane-phosphite ligands, which like the o-phosphanylphenols itself form a range of transition metal complexes and catalysts. Also main group metal complexes and (bi)arylphosphonium-organocatalysts are derived. Within this review the various strategies for the access of the starting materials are illuminated, including few hints to selected applications.
Aim
To investigate the medium-term associations of serum protein subfractions derived from proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy with periodontitis and tooth loss.
Materials and Methods
A total of 3031 participants of the cohort Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND) were included. In addition to conventional serum testing, serum lipoprotein contents and subfractions were analysed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Confounder-adjusted associations of lipoprotein variables with periodontitis and the number of missing teeth variables were analysed using mixed-effects models with random intercepts for time across individuals, accounting for multiple testing.
Results
While only spurious associations between lipoprotein levels from conventional blood tests were found—that is, triglycerides were associated with mean clinical attachment level (CAL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio with the number of missing teeth - several associations emerged from serum lipoprotein subfractions derived from 1H-NMR analysis. Specifically, elevated LDL triglycerides were associated with higher levels of mean probing depth (PD), mean CALs, and increased odds of having <20 teeth. HDL-4 cholesterol levels were inversely associated with mean PD. Systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein) might mediate the effects of LDL and HDL triglyceride contents on periodontitis severity.
Conclusions
Several associations between serum lipoprotein subfractions and periodontitis were observed. As the underlying biochemical mechanisms remain unclear, further research is needed.
Aim
Climate change challenges temperate forest trees by increasingly irregular precipitation and rising temperatures. Due to long generation cycles, trees cannot quickly adapt genetically. Hence, the persistence of tree populations in the face of ongoing climate change depends largely on phenotypic variation, that is the capability of a genotype to express variable phenotypes under different environmental conditions, known as plasticity. We aimed to quantify phenotypic variation of central Europe's naturally dominant forest tree across various intraspecific scales (individuals, mother trees (families), populations) to evaluate its potential to respond to changing climatic conditions.
Location
Europe.
Time Period
2016–2019.
Major Taxa Studied
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).
Methods
We conducted a fully reciprocal transplantation experiment with more than 9000 beech seeds from seven populations across a Europe-wide gradient. We compared morphological (Specific Leaf Area), phenological (leaf unfolding) and fitness-related (growth, survival) traits across various biological scales: within single mother trees, within populations and across different populations under the contrasting climates of the translocation sites.
Results
The experiment revealed significant phenotypic variation within the offspring of each mother tree, regardless of geographic origin. Initially, seedling height growth varied among mother trees and populations, likely due to maternal effects. However, the growth performance successively aligned after the first year. In summary, we observed a consistent growth response in different beech populations to diverse environments after initial maternal effects.
Main Conclusions
The study strikingly demonstrates the importance of considering intraspecific variation. Given the surprisingly broad spectrum of phenotypes each mother tree holds within its juvenile offspring, we conclude that Fagus sylvatica might have the potential for medium-term population persistence in face of climate change, provided that this pattern persists into later life stages. Hence, we also suggest further investigating the inclusion of passive adaptation and natural dynamics in the adaptive management of forests.
Protein engineering is essential for altering the substrate scope, catalytic activity and selectivity of enzymes for applications in biocatalysis. However, traditional approaches, such as directed evolution and rational design, encounter the challenge in dealing with the experimental screening process of a large protein mutation space. Machine learning methods allow the approximation of protein fitness landscapes and the identification of catalytic patterns using limited experimental data, thus providing a new avenue to guide protein engineering campaigns. In this concept article, we review machine learning models that have been developed to assess enzyme-substrate-catalysis performance relationships aiming to improve enzymes through data-driven protein engineering. Furthermore, we prospect the future development of this field to provide additional strategies and tools for achieving desired activities and selectivities.
Boronate esters, formed by the reaction of an oligonucleotide bearing a 5′-boronic acid moiety with the 3′-terminal cis-diol of another oligonucleotide, support the assembly of functional nucleic acid architectures. Reversible formation of boronate esters occurs in templated fashion and has been shown to restore the activity of split DNA and RNA enzymes as well as a split fluorescent light-up aptamer. Apart from their suitability for the design and application of split nucleic acid enzymes and aptamers in the field of biosensing, boronate esters may have played an important role in early life as surrogates of the natural phosphodiester bond. Their formation is reversible and thus fulfills an important requirement for biological self-assembly. Here we discuss the general concept of stimuli-dependent boronate formation and its application in biomolecules with implications for future research.
Aim
To estimate association between the use of interdental cleaning aids (IDAs) and type on 7-year follow-up levels of interdental plaque, interdental gingival inflammation, interdental periodontitis severity, the number of interdental sound surfaces and the number of missing teeth in a population-based cohort study.
Materials and Methods
We used 7-year follow-up data of 2224 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND). We applied generalized linear and ordinal logistic models, adjusting for confounding and selection bias using inverse probability treatment weighting and multiple imputation.
Results
Flossers were 32% less likely to have higher interdental plaque (iPlaque) levels than non-users of IDAs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.94); flossing resulted in 5% lower means of iPlaque. Effects on interdental bleeding on probing (iBOP), mean interdental probing depths and mean interdental clinical attachment levels were direction-consistent but statistically non-significant. Interdental brushing was associated with lower follow-up levels for interdental plaque (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57–0.93) and iBOP (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53–0.89). IDAs were more effective in reducing iPlaque in participants with periodontitis, whereas iBOP reduction was more pronounced in participants with no or mild periodontitis. The analyses did not suggest that the use of IDAs affected caries. Finally, applying change score analyses, flossing reduced tooth loss incidence (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.71) compared with non-users of IDAs.
Conclusions
Recommending flossing and interdental brushing in dental practices represents an approach to the prevention of gingivitis and consequently periodontitis.
Animals face strong environmental variability even on short time scales particularly in shallow coastal habitats, forcing them to permanently adjust their metabolism. Respiration rates of aquatic ectotherms are directly influenced by water temperature, whereas ingestion rates might additionally be influenced by behavior. We aim to understand how respiration and ingestion rates of an aquatic invertebrate respond to changing temperature during a diurnal thermal fluctuation cycle and how both processes are related. We studied the benthopelagic mysid Neomysis integer as an important food web component of coastal ecosystems. Mysids were collected at the southern Baltic Sea coast and exposed in the laboratory to either constant temperature of 15°C or daily temperature fluctuation of 15 ± 5°C. Short-term (1–2 h) respiration and ingestion rates were measured at four equidistant time points within 24 h and did not differ among time points at constant temperature, but differed among time points in the fluctuating treatment. Respiration was highest at the thermal maximum and lowest at the thermal minimum. Ingestion rates showed the opposite pattern under fluctuation, likely due to differences in underlying thermal performance curves. When temperature transited the average, the direction of temperature change influenced the animals' response in respiration and ingestion rates differently. Our results suggest that respiration is not only instantaneously affected by temperature, but also influenced by the previously experienced direction of thermal change. Our experiment, using an important non-model organism, delivered new insights on the relationship between the crucial organismal processes ingestion and respiration under thermal variability.
Introduction
The number of mentally altered patients a dentist meets in practice is increasing and interaction with them can be very challenging. As a baseline for an interventional study, we want to assess the attitude of dental students and identify areas of improvement in patient communication. This work compares the attitude of dental students towards people suffering from dementia to the attitudes of trained medical caregivers and the general population. Our aim is to use the results to assess the need for training in communicating with mentally altered patients.
Materials and Methods
Fourth-year dental students attended two lectures on dementia given by a psychiatrist as part of the geriatric dentistry lecture and were questioned afterwards using the Dementia Attitude Scale. In 2016 and 2017, 73 students at the University of Greifswald were interviewed. The response rate was 84%. Using a factor analysis, the Dementia Attitude Scale's validated questions were interpreted and compared with data from nursing staff from Switzerland and the USA.
Results
The factor analysis of the data showed the same two-factor loadings as the comparative groups, and that dental students' attitude is more comparable to the general population than to medically trained nursing staff.
Conclusion
Given the results, we conclude that the implementation of a communication module can serve in improving the attitude of dental students towards patients with dementia.
Poor sleep quality or sleep deprivation may be related to decreased bone mineral density. We aimed to assess whether associations of sleep characteristics and bone turnover or strength are present in adults from the general population and whether these are independent of common risk factors such as sex, age, and obesity. A total of 1037 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania-TREND underwent laboratory-based polysomnography and quantitative ultrasound measurements at the heel. Of these participants, 804 completed standardised questionnaires to assess daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and sleep quality. Serum concentrations of two bone turnover markers, intact amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) were measured. Cross-sectional associations of polysomnography variables (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, time spent wake after sleep onset, oxygen desaturation index, apnea–hypopnea index, and obstructive sleep apnea [OSA]), as well as sleep questionnaire scores with the bone turnover markers and the ultrasound-based stiffness index were assessed in linear regression models. In adjusted models, higher insomnia scores and lower sleep quality scores were related to a higher bone turnover in women but not in men. However, associations between polysomnography variables or questionnaire scores and the stiffness index were absent. Our study provides limited evidence for relationships between sleep characteristics and bone turnover and strength independent of common risk factors for OSA and osteoporosis. Nevertheless, women reporting poor sleep or insomnia in combination with risk factors for osteoporosis might benefit from an evaluation of bone health.
Changes in the microcirculation of the skin are a frequently observed accompanying phenomenon of many diseases, far beyond the spectrum of dermatological diseases. Not all of these changes are pathological, many are transient and have no serious consequences. This is true for many inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis vulgaris or atopic eczema.
However, there are also diseases in which functionally and morphologically recognizable microangiopathies lead to severe disease consequences. One of the most important diseases in this context is systemic sclerosis, an autoimmune systemic disease with multiple organ manifestations. Investigations of the cutaneous microcirculation are of great importance for the initial diagnosis as well as for prognosis and assessment of disease progression.
In peripheral hemodynamic disorders such as peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), understanding microcirculatory disturbances also plays an important role in therapy and in monitoring the success of therapeutic interventions.
In this article, we address the transition of the Kolbe electrolysis of valeric acid (VA) to n-octane as an exemplary electrosynthesis process from a batch reaction to a continuous, self-regulated process. Based on a systematic assessment of chemical boundary conditions and sustainability aspects, we propose a continuous electrosynthesis including a simple product separation and electrolyte recirculation, as well as an online-pH-controlled VA feeding. We demonstrate how essential performance parameters such as product selectivity (S) and coulombic efficiency (CE) are significantly improved by the transition from batch to a continuous process. Thus, the continuous and pH-controlled electrolysis of a 1 M valeric acid, starting pH 6.0, allowed a constantly high selectivity of around 47 % and an average Coulomb efficiency about 52 % throughout the entire experimental duration. Under otherwise identical conditions, the conventional batch operation suffered from lower and strongly decreasing performance values (Sn-octane, 60min=10.4 %, Sn-octane, 240min=1.3 %; CEn-octane, 60min=7.1 %, CEn-octane, 240min=0.5 %). At the same time, electrolyte recirculation significantly reduces wastes and limits the use of electrolyte components.
Aims
To investigate factors that influence the willingness of inactive nurses to return to nursing in a crisis situation and to identify aspects that need to be considered with regard to a possible deployment.
Design
A deductive and inductive qualitative content analysis of semi-structured focus group interviews.
Methods
Semi-structured focus group interviews with inactive or marginally employed nurses, nurses who have been inactive for some time and nursing home managers in October and November 2021. The participating inactive nurses had declared their willingness for a deployment during the COVID-19 pandemic or not. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
Communication was seen as essential by the participants for an informed decision for or against a temporary return to nursing and to potential or actual deployments. To make them feel safe, inactive nurses need to know what to expect and what is expected of them, for example, regarding required training and responsibilities. Considering their current employment status, some flexibility in terms of deployment conditions is needed.
A remaining attachment to care can trigger a sense of duty. Knowledge of (regular) working conditions in nursing can lead to both a desire to support former colleagues and a refusal to be exposed to these conditions again.
Conclusion
Past working experiences and the current employment situation play a major role in the willingness of inactive nurses to return to nursing in a crisis situation. Unbureaucratic arrangements must be provided for those who are willing to return.
Summary Statement
What already is known - In crisis situations, not every inactive nurse is willing or able to return to nursing and therefore, the ‘silent reserve’ may not be as large as suspected.
What this paper adds - Inactive nurses need to know what to expect and what is expected of them for their decision regarding a return to active patient care during a crisis situation.
Implications for practice/policy – Inactive nurses need to be informed and should be offered free training and refresher courses to ensure patient safety.
Impact
This research shows that the group of inactive nurses are not a silent workforce which can be activated anytime. Those who are able and willing to return to direct patient care in crisis situations need the best possible support – during and between crises.
Reporting Method
This study adhered to COREQ guidelines.
No Patient or Public Contribution
The involvement of patients or members of the public did not apply for the study, as the aim was to gain insight into the motivations and attitudes of the group of inactive nurses.
Enzymatic degradation and recycling can reduce the environmental impact of plastics. Despite decades of research, no enzymes for the efficient hydrolysis of polyurethanes have been reported. Whereas the hydrolysis of the ester bonds in polyester‐polyurethanes by cutinases is known, the urethane bonds in polyether‐polyurethanes have remained inaccessible to biocatalytic hydrolysis. Here we report the discovery of urethanases from a metagenome library constructed from soil that had been exposed to polyurethane waste for many years. We then demonstrate the use of a urethanase in a chemoenzymatic process for polyurethane foam recycling. The urethanase hydrolyses low molecular weight dicarbamates resulting from chemical glycolysis of polyether‐polyurethane foam, making this strategy broadly applicable to diverse polyether‐polyurethane wastes.
Aim
To determine the long-term effects of the use of powered tooth brush (PTB) in comparison to manual tooth brush (MTB) on periodontitis severity, coronal caries experience, and the number of missing teeth using in a population-based cohort study.
Materials and Methods
Using 7-year follow-up data of 2214 participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND), comprehensively adjusted linear models using generalized least squares and ordinal regression models estimated the effects of PTB usage on dental outcomes in complete case and imputed data.
Results
At follow-up, PTB users had lower medians for mean probing depth (PD; 2.21 mm) and mean clinical attachment levels (1.73 mm) than MTB users (2.30 and 1.96 mm, respectively). Adjusted models revealed the beneficial effects of PTB usage on follow-up levels of plaque, bleeding on probing, mean PD, percentage of sites with PDs ≥4 mm, mean clinical attachment levels (all, interdental, and non-interdental sites, respectively), and the number of missing teeth. For the number of missing teeth, the effects were more pronounced in participants aged ≥50 years. No significant effects of PTB usage on the number of decayed or filled surfaces (all and interdental sites) were found.
Conclusions
A recommendation of PTB usage in dental practice could contribute to the long-term promotion of oral health.
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether extraction thresholds in persons with severe periodontitis have changed between 2000 and 2010 and whether potential shifts have contributed to the reported decrease in tooth extractions in German adults over the last decades.
Materials and Methods
Data from two German population-based cohort studies in Northeast Germany (Studies of Health in Pomerania; SHIP-START [baseline 1997–2001; 11-year follow-up] and SHIP-TREND [baseline 2008–2012; 7-year follow-up]) were used. In SHIP-START (SHIP-TREND), 522 (478) participants with severe periodontitis according to the CDC/AAP case definition were included. Patterns of maximum probing depth (PD) and maximum clinical attachment level (CAL) for retained and extracted teeth were compared between SHIP-START and SHIP-TREND participants.
Results
No major differences in patterns of baseline maximum CAL of retained or extracted teeth were detected between SHIP-START and SHIP-TREND. Extraction thresholds were identified at the baseline at maximum CAL ≥6 and ≥9 mm. Tooth-level incidence rates for extraction for baseline maximum CAL of 6 mm were comparable between SHIP-START and SHIP-TREND (17.1 vs. 15.9 events per 1000 person-years).
Conclusions
After a decade, teeth in persons with severe periodontitis were still undergoing extraction with minor or moderate attachment loss. A change in extraction pattern did not contribute to the higher tooth retention rate.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a water‐soluble synthetic vinyl polymer with remarkable physical properties including thermostability and viscosity. Its biodegradability, however, is low even though a large amount of PVA is released into the environment. Established physical‐chemical degradation methods for PVA have several disadvantages such as high price, low efficiency, and secondary pollution. Biodegradation of PVA by microorganisms is slow and frequently involves pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)‐dependent enzymes, making it expensive due to the costly cofactor and hence unattractive for industrial applications. In this study, we present a modified PVA film with improved properties as well as a PQQ‐independent novel enzymatic cascade for the degradation of modified and unmodified PVA. The cascade consists of four steps catalyzed by three enzymes with in situ cofactor recycling technology making this cascade suitable for industrial applications.
For the characterization of Kv7.2/3 channel activators, several analytical methods are available that vary in effort and cost. In addition to the technically elaborate patch-clamp method, which serves as a reference method, there exist several medium to high-throughput screening methods including a rubidium efflux flame-atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS) assay and a commercial thallium uptake fluorescence-based assay. In this study, the general suitability of a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS)-based rubidium efflux assay as a screening method for Kv7.2/3 channel activators was demonstrated. With flupirtine serving as a reference compound, 16 newly synthesizedcompounds and the known Kv7.2/3 activator retigabine were first classified as either active or inactive by using the GF-AAS-based rubidium (Rb) efflux assay. Then, the results were compared with a thallium (Tl) uptake fluorescence-based fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) potassium assay. Overall, 16 of 17 compounds were classified by the GF-AAS-based assay in agreement with their channel-activating properties determined by the more expensive Tl uptake, fluorescence-based assay. Thus, the performance of the GF-AAS-based Rb assay for primary drug screening of Kv7.2/3-activating compounds was clearly demonstrated, as documented by the calculated Z’-factor of the GF-AAS-based method. Moreover, method development included optimization of the coating of the microtiter plates and the washing procedure, which extended the range of this assay to poorly adherent cells such as the HEK293 cells used in this study.
In temperate regions, climate warming alters temperature and precipitation regimes. During winter, a decline in insulating snow cover changes the soil environment, where especially frost exposure can have severe implications for soil microorganisms and subsequently for soil nutrient dynamics. Here, we investigated winter climate change responses in European beech forests soil microbiome. Nine study sites with each three treatments (snow exclusion, insolation, and ambient) were investigated. Long-term adaptation to average climate was explored by comparing across sites. Triplicated treatment plots were used to evaluate short-term (one single winter) responses. Community profiles of bacteria, archaea and fungi were created using amplicon sequencing. Correlations between the microbiome, vegetation and soil physicochemical properties were found. We identify core members of the forest-microbiome and link them to key processes, for example, mycorrhizal symbiont and specialized beech wood degraders (fungi) and nitrogen cycling (bacteria, archaea). For bacteria, the shift of the microbiome composition due to short-term soil temperature manipulations in winter was similar to the community differences observed between long-term relatively cold to warm conditions. The results suggest a strong link between the changes in the microbiomes and changes in environmental processes, for example, nitrogen dynamics, driven by variations in winter climate.
Being a master of metaphors
(2023)
Combining solid acid catalysts with enzyme reactions in aqueous environments is challenging because either very acidic conditions inactivate the enzymes, or the solid acid catalyst is neutralized. In this study, Amberlyst-15 encapsulated in polydimethylsiloxane (Amb-15@PDMS) is used to deprotect the lignin depolymerization product G−C2 dioxolane phenol in a buffered system at pH 6.0. This reaction is directly coupled with the biocatalytic reduction of the released homovanillin to homovanillyl alcohol by recombinant horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, which is subsequently acylated by the promiscuous acyltransferase/hydrolase PestE_I208A_L209F_N288A in a one-pot system. The deprotection catalyzed with Amb-15@PDMS attains up to 97 % conversion. Overall, this cascade enables conversions of up to 57 %.
Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are important flavin-dependent enzymes which perform oxygen insertion reactions leading to valuable products. As reported in many studies, BVMOs are usually unstable during application, preventing a wider usage in biocatalysis. Here, we discovered a novel NADPH-dependent BVMO which originates from Halopolyspora algeriensis using sequence similarity networks (SSNs). The enzyme is stable at temperatures between 10 °C to 30 °C up to five days after the purification, and yields the normal ester product. In this study, the substrate scope was investigated for a broad range of aliphatic ketones and the enzyme was biochemically characterized to identify optimum reaction conditions. The best substrate (86 % conversion) was 2-dodecanone using purified enzyme. This novel BVMO could potentially be applied as part of an enzymatic cascade or in bioprocesses which utilize aliphatic alkanes as feedstock.
In mandibulate arthropods, the primary olfactory centers, termed olfactory lobes in crustaceans, are typically organized in distinct fields of dense synaptic neuropils called olfactory glomeruli. In addition to olfactory sensory neuron terminals and their postsynaptic efferents, the glomeruli are innervated by diverse neurochemically distinctive interneurons. The functional morphology of the olfactory glomeruli is understudied in crustaceans compared with insects and even less well understood and described in a particular crustacean subgroup, the Peracarida, which embrace, for example, Amphipoda and Isopoda. Using immunohistochemistry combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, we analyzed the neurochemistry of the olfactory pathway in the amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis. We localized the biogenic amines serotonin and histamine as well as the neuropeptides RFamide, allatostatin, orcokinin, and SIFamide. As for other classical neurotransmitters, we stained for γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate decarboxylase and used choline acetyltransferase as indicator for acetylcholine. Our study is another step in understanding principles of olfactory processing in crustaceans and can serve as a basis for understanding evolutionary transformations of crustacean olfactory systems.
Boronate esters formed by reaction of an oligonucleotide carrying a 5′-boronic acid moiety with the 3′-terminal cis-diol of another have been shown previously to assist assembly of fragmented DNAzymes. Here we demonstrate that boronate esters replacing the natural phosphodiester linkage at selected sites of two functional RNAs, the hairpin ribozyme and the Mango aptamer, allow assembly of functional structures. The hairpin ribozyme, a small naturally occurring RNA that supports the reversible cleavage of appropriate RNA substrates, is very sensitive to fragmentation. Splitting the ribozyme at four different sites led to a significant decrease or even loss of cleavage and ligation activity. Ribozymes assembled from fragments capable of boronate ester formation showed restoration of cleavage activity in some but not all cases, dependent on the split site. Ligation proved to be more challenging, no supportive effect of the boronate ester was observed. Split variants of the Mango aptamer also showed a dramatic loss of functionality, which however, was restored when 5′-boronic acid modified fragments were used for assembly. These studies show for the first time that boronate esters as internucleoside linkages can act as surrogates of natural phosphodiesters in functional RNA molecules.
Amine transaminases (ATAs) are powerful biocatalysts for the stereoselective synthesis of chiral amines. Machine learning provides a promising approach for protein engineering, but activity prediction models for ATAs remain elusive due to the difficulty of obtaining high-quality training data. Thus, we first created variants of the ATA from Ruegeria sp. (3FCR) with improved catalytic activity (up to 2000-fold) as well as reversed stereoselectivity by a structure-dependent rational design and collected a high-quality dataset in this process. Subsequently, we designed a modified one-hot code to describe steric and electronic effects of substrates and residues within ATAs. Finally, we built a gradient boosting regression tree predictor for catalytic activity and stereoselectivity, and applied this for the data-driven design of optimized variants which then showed improved activity (up to 3-fold compared to the best variants previously identified). We also demonstrated that the model can predict the catalytic activity for ATA variants of another origin by retraining with a small set of additional data.
Platelet factor 4 (PF4, synonym: CXCL4) is an evolutionary old chemokine with proposed roles in hemostasis and antimicrobial defense. In addition, PF4 has attracted considerable attention as a crucial mediator of one of the most prothrombotic adverse drug effects affecting blood cells, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Interest in PF4 substantially increased in 2021 when it was identified as the target antigen in the life-threatening adverse effect, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). We address the concept that a major biological function of PF4—a strongly cationic chemokine—is to bind to negatively-charged prokaryotic microorganisms, resulting in structural changes in PF4 that trigger a danger signal recognized by the adaptive immune system. Application of biophysical tools has provided substantial insights into the molecular mechanisms by which PF4 becomes immunogenic, providing insights into a new mechanism of autoimmunity. Binding of autoantibodies with high affinity induces conformational change(s) in the endogenous protein, which are then recognized as foreign antigen, as exemplified by the prothrombotic disorders, autoimmune HIT and VITT. The final part of our review summarizes current assays for HIT and VITT, explaining how structural aspects of anti-PF4 pathobiology relate to assay design and performance characteristics. Currently, functional (platelet activation) assays using washed platelets detect HIT antibodies when heparin is added, and VITT antibodies when PF4 is added. Solid-phase PF4-dependent immunoassays using microtiter plates are sensitive for both HIT and VITT antibodies, while rapid immunoassays, in which the PF4/heparin antigen is coated on beads, are sensitive and specific for HIT, but not for VITT antibodies.
Heteroleptic molybdenum complexes bearing 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane (P2N2) and non-innocent dithiolene ligands were synthesized and electrochemically characterized. The reduction potentials of the complexes were found to be fine-tuned by a synergistic effect identified by DFT calculations as ligand-ligand cooperativity via non-covalent interactions. This finding is supported by electrochemical studies combined with UV/Vis spectroscopy and temperature-dependent NMR spectroscopy. The observed behavior is reminiscent of enzymatic redox modulation using second ligand sphere effects.
Background and purpose
The insula has important functions in monitoring and integrating physiological responses to a personal experience of multimodal input. The experience of chills in response to auditory stimuli is an important example for a relevant arousing experience coupled with bodily response. A group study about altered chill experiences in patients with insula lesions is lacking.
Methods
Twenty-eight stroke patients with predominantly insula lesions in the chronic stage and 14 age-matched controls were investigated using chill stimuli of both valences (music, harsh sounds). Group differences were analyzed in subjective chill reports, associated bodily responses (skin conductance response), lesion mapping, diffusion-weighted imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Other neuropsychological deficits were excluded by comprehensive testing. Diffusion-weighted imaging was quantified for four insula tracts using fractional anisotropy.
Results
The frequency of chill experiences was comparable between participant groups. However, bodily responses were decreased for the stroke group. Whereas there was no association of lesion location, a positive association was found for the skin conductance response during aversive sounds and the tract connecting anterior inferior insula and left temporal pole in the stroke group. Similarly, functional magnetic resonance imaging activation in areas hypothesized to compensate for damage was increased with bodily response.
Conclusions
A decoupling of felt arousal and bodily response after insula lesion was observed. Impaired bodily response was related to an impaired interaction of the left anterior insula and the temporal pole.
Marine Bacteroidetes that degrade polysaccharides contribute to carbon cycling in the ocean. Organic matter, including glycans from terrestrial plants, might enter the oceans through rivers. Whether marine bacteria degrade structurally related glycans from diverse sources including terrestrial plants and marine algae was previously unknown. We show that the marine bacterium Flavimarina sp. Hel_I_48 encodes two polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) which degrade xylans from terrestrial plants and marine algae. Biochemical experiments revealed activity and specificity of the encoded xylanases and associated enzymes of these PULs. Proteomics indicated that these genomic regions respond to glucuronoxylans and arabinoxylans. Substrate specificities of key enzymes suggest dedicated metabolic pathways for xylan utilization. Some of the xylanases were active on different xylans with the conserved β-1,4-linked xylose main chain. Enzyme activity was consistent with growth curves showing Flavimarina sp. Hel_I_48 uses structurally different xylans. The observed abundance of related xylan-degrading enzyme repertoires in genomes of other marine Bacteroidetes indicates similar activities are common in the ocean. The here presented data show that certain marine bacteria are genetically and biochemically variable enough to access parts of structurally diverse xylans from terrestrial plants as well as from marine algal sources.
Background
Both vulnerability and integrity represent action-guiding concepts in nursing practice. However, they are primarily discussed regarding patients—not nurses—and considered independently from rather than in relation to each other.
Aim
The aim of this paper is to characterize the moral dimension of nurses' vulnerability and integrity, specify the concepts' relationship in nurses' clinical practice and, ultimately, allow a more fine-grained understanding.
Design
This discursive paper demonstrates how vulnerability and integrity relate to each other in nursing practice and carves out which types of vulnerability pose a threat to nurses' moral integrity. The concept of vulnerability developed by Mackenzie et al. (2014) is applied to the situation of nurses and expanded to include the concept of moral integrity according to Hardingham (2004). Four scenarios are used to demonstrate where and how nurses' vulnerabilities become particularly apparent in clinical practice. This leads to a cross-case discussion, in which the vulnerabilities identified are examined against the background of moral integrity and the relationship between the two concepts is determined in more detail.
Results and Conclusion
Vulnerability and integrity do not only form a conceptual pair but also represent complementary moral concepts. Their joint consideration has both a theoretical and practical added value. It is shown that only specific forms of vulnerability pose a threat to moral integrity and the vulnerability–integrity relationship is mediated via moral distress.
Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care
The manuscript provides guidance on how the concrete threat(s) to integrity can be buffered and moral resilience can be promoted. Different types of threats also weigh differently and require specific approaches to assess and handle them at the micro-, meso- and macro-level of the healthcare system.
Flupirtine and retigabine were essential drugs to combat pain and epilepsy. However, the Kv7 potassium channel openers are fraught with hepatotoxicity and tissue discoloration, respectively, limiting their therapeutic value. Both adverse events are likely due to reactive metabolites arising from oxidative metabolism. Designing safer analogues lacking the structural elements leading to described side effects is an active area of current research. One of the main metabolites of flupirtine is the biologically inactive 4-fluorohippuric acid. Hitherto unexplained, the proposed metabolic pathway leading to the formation of 4-fluorohippuric acid from flupirtine is verified here. Through the use of eighteen flupirtine analogues, mechanistic details of this pathway could be elucidated. A possible connection with the in vitro hepatotoxicity of the flupirtine analogues and the levels of 4-fluorobenzoic acid formed in enzyme incubations was examined by correlation analysis. These findings provide important information for the design of new flupirtine analogues as potential drug candidates.
How well populations can cope with global warming will often depend on the evolutionary potential and plasticity of their temperature-sensitive, fitness-relevant traits. In Bechstein's bats (Myotis bechsteinii), body size has increased over the last decades in response to warmer summers. If this trend continues it may threaten populations as larger females exhibit higher mortality. To assess the evolutionary potential of body size, we applied a Bayesian ‘animal model’ to estimate additive genetic variance, heritability and evolvability of body size, based on a 25-year pedigree of 332 wild females. Both heritability and additive genetic variance were reduced in hot summers compared to average and cold summers, while evolvability of body size was generally low. This suggests that the observed increase in body size was mostly driven by phenotypic plasticity. Thus, if warm summers continue to become more frequent, body size likely increases further and the resulting fitness loss could threaten populations.
The vast majority of RNA splicing in today‘s organisms is achieved by the highly regulated and precise removal of introns from pre-mRNAs via the spliceosome. Here we present a model of how RNA splicing may have occurred in earlier life forms. We have designed a hairpin ribozyme derived spliceozyme that mediates two RNA cleavages and one ligation event at specific positions and thus cuts a segment (intron) out of a parent RNA and ligates the remaining fragments (exons). The cut-out intron then performs a downstream function, acting as a positive regulator of the activity of a bipartite DNAzyme. This simple scenario shows how small RNAs can perform complex RNA processing dynamics, involving the generation of new phenotypes by restructuring segments of given RNA species, as well as delivering small RNAs that may play a functional role in downstream processes.
Parental gender preferences in Central and Eastern Europe and differential early life disadvantages
(2023)
Parental gender preferences may affect partnership decisions and as a result lead to early life disadvantages. We study these preferences in five post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, a region with strong traditional gender norms and persisting inequalities between women and men in labour market outcomes. Using subsamples of census from Belarus, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Russia around 2000 and 2010, we follow Dahl and Moretti (2008), The demand for sons, to examine the effect of the gender of the first-born child(ren) on fertility decisions and relationship stability of their parents. We only find strong evidence of ‘boy preferences’ in fertility decisions in the cases of Romania and Russia. However, unlike Dahl and Moretti (2008), The demand for sons, for the US, we cannot confirm a relationship between the children's gender and parental partnership decisions. This is the case for all examined Central and Eastern European countries, as well as for a number of countries from Western Europe. The cases of Romania and Russia raise questions about other potential consequences of the documented gender preferences. We argue that our approach can be applied more broadly to identify other countries characterised by parental gender preferences, and to motivate further examination of different forms of gender driven early life disadvantages.
Background
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with chronic conditions face a transfer, defined as an actual shift from paediatric to adult-oriented health care. Transition competence as the self-perceived knowledge, skills and abilities regarding the transition process was considered extremely useful.
Aim
This study was designed to investigate the impact of transition competence before and after the transfer on disease-specific quality of life (QoL) and health care satisfaction of AYAs with diabetes.
Results
In total, a sample of N = 90 AYAs with diabetes self-reported their transition competence, diabetes-specific QoL and satisfaction with care. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyse the impact of transition competence on satisfaction with care and QoL. Transition competence positively influenced the outcomes of satisfaction with care and QoL.
Conclusion
Young adults with diabetes showed higher transition competence scores than adolescents with diabetes.
Background
Chronic pain of different aetiologies and localization has been associated with less grey matter volume (GMV) in several cortical and subcortical brain areas. Recent meta-analyses reported low reproducibility of GMV alterations between studies and pain syndromes.
Methods
To investigate GMV in common chronic pain conditions defined by body location (chronic back pain, n = 174; migraine, n = 92; craniomandibular disorder, n = 39) compared to controls (n = 296), we conducted voxel-based morphometry and determined GMV from high-resolution cranial MRIs obtained in an epidemiologic survey. Mediation analyses were performed between the presence of chronic pain and GMV testing the mediators stress and mild depression. The predictability of chronic pain was investigated with binomial logistic regression.
Results
Whole-brain analyses yielded reduced GMV within the left anterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex, for a ROI approach additionally the left posterior insula and left hippocampus showing less GMV across all patients with chronic pain. The relationship of pain with GMV in the left hippocampus was mediated by self-reported stressors in the last 12 months. Binomial logistic regression revealed a predictive effect for GMV in the left hippocampus and left anterior insula/temporal pole for the presence of chronic pain.
Conclusions
Chronic pain across three different pain conditions was characterized by less GMV in brain regions consistently described for different chronic pain conditions before. Less GMV in the left hippocampus mediated by experienced stress during the last year might be related to altered pain learning mechanisms in chronic pain patients.
Significance
Grey matter reorganization could serve as a diagnostic biomarker for chronic pain. In a large cohort, we here replicated findings of less grey matter volume across three pain conditions in the left anterior and posterior insula, anterior cingulate and left hippocampus. Less hippocampal grey matter was mediated by experienced stress.
Introduction
Supplementation with spermidine may support healthy aging, but elevated spermidine tissue levels were shown to be an indicator of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods
Data from 659 participants (age range: 21–81 years) of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania TREND were included. We investigated the association between spermidine plasma levels and markers of brain aging (hippocampal volume, AD score, global cortical thickness [CT], and white matter hyperintensities [WMH]).
Results
Higher spermidine levels were significantly associated with lower hippocampal volume (ß = −0.076; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.13 to −0.02; q = 0.026), higher AD score (ß = 0.118; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.19; q = 0.006), lower global CT (ß = −0.104; 95% CI: −0.17 to −0.04; q = 0.014), but not WMH volume. Sensitivity analysis revealed no substantial changes after excluding participants with cancer, depression, or hemolysis.
Discussion
Elevated spermidine plasma levels are associated with advanced brain aging and might serve as potential early biomarker for AD and vascular brain pathology.
Background and Purpose
Development and progression of heart failure involve endothelial and myocardial dysfunction as well as a dysregulation of the NO-sGC-cGMP signalling pathway. Recently, we reported that the sGC stimulator riociguat has beneficial effects on cardiac remodelling and progression of heart failure in response to chronic pressure overload. Here, we examined if these beneficial effects of riociguat were also reflected in alterations of the myocardial proteome and microRNA profiles.
Experimental Approach
Male C57BL/6N mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and sham-operated mice served as controls. TAC and sham animals were randomised and treated with either riociguat or vehicle for 5 weeks, starting 3 weeks after surgery, when cardiac hypertrophy was established. Afterwards, we performed mass spectrometric proteome analyses and microRNA sequencing of proteins and RNAs, respectively, isolated from left ventricles (LVs).
Key Results
TAC-induced changes of the LV proteome were significantly reduced by treatment with riociguat. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that riociguat improved TAC-induced cardiovascular disease-related pathways, metabolism and energy production, for example, reversed alterations in the levels of myosin heavy chain 7, cardiac phospholamban and ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 1. Riociguat also attenuated TAC-induced changes of microRNA levels in the LV.
Conclusion and Implications
The sGC stimulator riociguat exerted beneficial effects on cardiac structure and function during pressure overload, which was accompanied by a reversal of TAC-induced changes of the cardiac proteome and microRNA profile. Our data support the potential of riociguat as a novel therapeutic agent for heart failure.
Obstructive sleep apnea is known to be an overall public health problem that, among other things, increases morbidity and mortality. Risk factors as well as symptoms of this multidimensional sleep-related breathing disorder negatively affect quality of life. With our study we aimed to expose the association between obstructive sleep apnea and quality of life in the population of Pomerania, Germany. We utilized data from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Information on health status and risk factors about 4420 participants (2275 women) were gathered within the cohort SHIP-TREND, of which 1209 (559 women) underwent an overnight polysomnography and completed sleep questionnaires. The quality of life of the participants was measured using the Short-Form 12 questionnaire. For our study, an ordinal regression analysis with age, sex, body mass index and the Short-Form 12 health survey as predictors for apnea–hypopnea index was computed. The potential factors affecting quality of life are different between physical and mental dimensions of quality of life. Significant effects were found regarding age, sex, body mass index and the Short-Form 12 Mental Component Score, but not the Physical Component Score.
Background
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a prothrombotic, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)-mimicking, adverse reaction caused by platelet-activating anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies that occurs rarely after adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccination. Strength of PF4-dependent enzyme immunoassay (EIA) reactivity—judged by optical density (OD) measurements—strongly predicts platelet-activating properties of HIT antibodies in a functional test. Whether a similar relationship holds for VITT antibodies is unknown.
Objectives
To evaluate probability for positive platelet activation testing for VITT antibodies based upon EIA OD reactivity; and to investigate simple approaches to minimize false-negative platelet activation testing for VITT.
Methods
All samples referred for VITT testing were systematically evaluated by semiquantitative in-house PF4/heparin-EIA (OD readings) and PF4-induced platelet activation (PIPA) testing within a cohort study. EIA-positive sera testing PIPA-negative were retested following 1/4 to 1/10 dilution. Logistic regression was performed to predict the probability of a positive PIPA per magnitude of EIA reactivity.
Results
Greater EIA ODs in sera from patients with suspected VITT correlated strongly with greater likelihood of PIPA reactivity. Of 61 sera (with OD values >1.0) testing negative in the PIPA, a high proportion (27/61, 44.3%) became PIPA positive when tested at 1/4 to 1/10 dilution.
Conclusions
VITT serology resembles HIT in that greater EIA OD reactivity predicts higher probability of positive testing for platelet-activating antibodies. Unlike the situation with HIT antibodies, however, diluting putative VITT serum increases probability of a positive platelet activation assay, suggesting that optimal complex formation depends on the stoichiometric ratio of PF4 and anti-PF4 VITT antibodies.
Background
This study examines the relationship between adolescents’ biophysiological stress (i.e. cortisol, alpha-amylase and oxidative stress) and the development of grit and school engagement over one school year.
Aims
The study aims to identify how objective stress affects grit and three dimensions of school engagement. Based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, the study considers lower- and higher-track school students and their genders.
Sample
The sample consists of secondary school students (N = 82; MAge = 13.71; SD = 0.67; 48% girls) from Germany.
Methods
Students participated in a questionnaire and a biophysiological study in the first semester (t1) of the school year and completed the same questionnaire at the end of the school year (t2). After conducting whole-sample analysis, a multi-group cross-lagged panel model was calculated to identify differences among students at lower- and higher-track schools.
Results
Whole-sample analysis reveals that students who exhibit high levels of cortisol report lower cognitive school engagement at t2, whereas students who exhibit high levels of alpha-amylase exhibit less grit at t2. Additionally, lower-track students who exhibited high cortisol levels reported lower cognitive and emotional school engagement throughout the school year. Furthermore, higher-track students with high oxidative stress levels reported lower grit and behavioural school engagement at t2.
Conclusions
Examining the relationship between biophysiological stress markers and grit and school engagement of students at lower- and higher-track schools indicates that the educational context and its specific subculture shapes physiological stress reactions, which are related differently to grit and engagement dimensions.
The notion of moral expertise poses a variety of challenges concerning both the question of existence of such experts and their identification by laypeople. I argue for a view of ethics expertise, based on moral understanding instead of on moral knowledge, that is less robust than genuine moral expertise and that does not rely on deference to testimony. I propose identification criteria that focus mainly on the awareness and communication of implicit biases and situated ignorance. According to the account of ethics expertise presented in this paper, the expert's testimony is not an epistemic reason for the layperson's belief, but merely an epistemic influence. The epistemic reasons for the layperson's belief are largely independent from the expert. But there is still some epistemic risk involved in the proposed method of knowledge transfer, and therefore criteria for the identification of a trustworthy expert are necessary. The risk involved in knowledge transfer can be both due to willful manipulation and due to the expert's implicit biases and situated ignorance. While willful manipulation cannot really be avoided, the influence from biases and ignorance can be minimized. I argue that the best way to do this is if the expert is aware of their own biases and ignorance and communicates them. Combined with evidence of the expert's education in moral philosophy and experience with the topic in question, this gives the layperson the best chance to identify someone who can really help them consider all relevant aspects of a situation and come to a better justified decision.
KV7 channel openers have proven their therapeutic value in the treatment of pain as well as epilepsy and, moreover, they hold the potential to expand into additional indications with unmet medical needs. However, the clinically validated but meanwhile discontinued KV7 channel openers flupirtine and retigabine bear an oxidation‐sensitive triaminoraryl scaffold, which is suspected of causing adverse drug reactions via the formation of quinoid oxidation products. Here, we report the design and synthesis of nicotinamide analogs and related compounds that remediate the liability in the chemical structure of flupirtine and retigabine. Optimization of a nicotinamide lead structure yielded analogs with excellent KV7.2/3 opening activity, as evidenced by EC50 values approaching the single‐digit nanomolar range. On the other hand, weighted KV7.2/3 opening activity data including inactive compounds allowed for the establishment of structure–activity relationships and a plausible binding mode hypothesis verified by docking and molecular dynamics simulations.
Electrochemically active ϵ‐MnO2 and ɣ‐MnO2 as tunnel‐type host‐guest structures have been extensively studied by crystallography and electrochemical techniques for application in battery cathode materials. However, the Gibbs energies of the underlying ion and electron transfer processes across the electrode interfaces have not yet been determined. Here we report for the first time these data for ϵ‐MnO2. This was possible by measuring the mid‐peak potentials in cyclic voltammetry and the open‐circuit potentials under electrochemically reversible conditions.
Herein, a new type of carbodicarbene (CDC) comprising two different classes of carbenes is reported; NHC and CAAC as donor substituents and compare the molecular structure and coordination to Au(I)Cl to those of NHC‐only and CAAC‐only analogues. The conjugate acids of these three CDCs exhibit notable redox properties. Their reactions with [NO][SbF6] were investigated. The reduction of the conjugate acid of CAAC‐only based CDC with KC8 results in the formation of hydrogen abstracted/eliminated products, which proceed through a neutral radical intermediate, detected by EPR spectroscopy. In contrast, the reduction of conjugate acids of NHC‐only and NHC/CAAC based CDCs led to intermolecular reductive (reversible) carbon–carbon sigma bond formation. The resulting relatively elongated carbon–carbon sigma bonds were found to be readily oxidized. They were, thus, demonstrated to be potent reducing agents, underlining their potential utility as organic electron donors and n‐dopants in organic semiconductor molecules.
How organisms that are part of the same trophic network respond to environmental variability over small spatial scales has been studied in a multitude of systems. Prevailing theory suggests a large role for plasticity in key traits among interacting species that allows matching of life cycles or life‐history traits across environmental gradients, for instance insects tracking host‐plant phenology across variable environments (Posledovich et al. 2018). A key aspect that remains understudied is the extent of intrapopulation variability in plasticity and whether stressful conditions canalize plasticity to an optimal level, or alternatively if variation in plasticity indeed could increase fitness in itself via alternative strategies. In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Kahilainen et al. (2022) investigate this issue in a classical insect study system, the metapopulation of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitea cinxia) in the Åland archipelago of Finland. The authors first establish how a key host plant responds to water limitation, then quantify among‐family variation in larval growth and development across control and water‐limited host plants. Finally, they use RNA sequencing to gain mechanistic insights into some of these among‐family differences in larval performance in response to host‐plant variation, finding results suggesting the existence of heritable, intrapopulation variability in ecologically relevant plasticity. This final step represents a critically important and often overlooked component of efforts to predict sensitivity of biological systems to changing environmental conditions, since it provides a key metric of adaptive resilience present in the system.
Alterations in the organization of the cytoskeleton precede the escape of adherent cells from the framework of cell–cell and cell‐matrix interactions into suspension. With cytoskeletal dynamics being linked to cell mechanical properties, many studies elucidated this relationship under either native adherent or suspended conditions. In contrast, tethered cells that mimic the transition between both states have not been the focus of recent research. Using human embryonic kidney 293 T cells we investigated all three conditions in the light of alterations in cellular shape, volume, as well as mechanical properties and relate these findings to the level, structure, and intracellular localization of filamentous actin (F‐actin). For cells adhered to a substrate, our data shows that seeding density affects cell size but does not alter their elastic properties. Removing surface contacts leads to cell stiffening that is accompanied by changes in cell shape, and a reduction in cellular volume but no alterations in F‐actin density. Instead, we observe changes in the organization of F‐actin indicated by the appearance of blebs in the semi‐adherent state. In summary, our work reveals an interplay between molecular and mechanical alterations when cells detach from a surface that is mainly dominated by cell morphology.